James F. Masterson in 1993^[17] proposes two categories for pathological narcissism, exhibitionist and closet. Both fail to adequately develop an age- and phase- appropriate self because of defects in the quality of psychological nurturing provided, usually by the mother.

The closet narcissist is more likely to be described as having a deflated, inadequate self perception and greater awareness of emptiness within. ...The closet narcissist seeks constant approval from others and appears similar to the borderline in the need to please others

Source.